Goffering machine and heating apparatus therefor



|. KlTRosER July 16, 1935 GOF'FERING MACHINE AND HEATING APPARATUS THEREFOR 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 9, 1931 ,VNIIIIIIIIIIIIIH INVENToR Isaaclf/wser avg i m'ToRNl-z;Z

|. KlTRosER 2,008,395

GOFFERING MACHINE AND HEATING APPARATUS THEREFOR- July 16, 1935.

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Patented July 16, 1935 "7' UNITED STATES` GOFFERING' MACHINE AND HEATIN APPARATUS THEREFOR Isaac Kitroser, New York, N. Y., assgnor to Keller-Dorian Colorflm Corporation,

New

York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware' Application October 9, 1931, Serial No. 567,877

9 Claims.` (Cl. 18-15) My invention relates particularly to an apparatus designed for use in goifering films, as for example Keller-Dorian lms, having reticulations for use in producing motion pictures in colors by the Keller-Dorian method. l

In providing the reticulations in the goifering on lms it has been found to be very difficult to maintain the desired temperature of the apparatus so that the lm support which carries a light sensitive emulsion, said support being made of acetate of cellulose or nitrate of cellulose, etc., will have the desired uniform plasticity. In

feeding the film into the goffering machine, a.VV

iilm may have a desired temperature and moisture content but it has been found very difficult to maintain the temperature of the lm during the goifering operation as any slight variations in the temperature of the goffering cylinder will have a corresponding effect in changing the radii of the curvature of the reticulations, thereby producing a film lacking in uniformity. Due to the microscopic size of the reticulations, any such variations in curvature will have a serious eifect upon the colors obtained upon the screen by passing the light through the reticulations, which are generally of a cylindrical shape, thus making the colors which are usually red, green and blue, more or less pale as produced on the screen.

The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus by means of which the desired uniformity of result is obtained by means of a goffering cylinder which is heated in such a manner as to apply at all times a desired temperature to the film. I have found that this object can be obtained by applying the heat directly to the surface of the goffering cylinder. A further object is to provide a heating device of a novel character, which is adaptable for heating surfaces generally but particularly golfering cylinders, thus applying the heat to the surface the temperature of which is to be maintained but at the same time heating the entire body of the cylinder uniformly to the same temperature. This is a great advantage over internal heating devices where the heat is applied, not at the point the temperature of which is to be maintained, but at some 'other place in the interior of the body which is heated. This is important as it has been found in practice,V in goftering lms, that it is necessary to keep all doors and windows closed in the room Where the goffering operation is being carried out, to avoid even the presence of drafts, `as otherwise there will be such a lack of uniformity in the reticulations of the lm being goffered as to produce decreased color eifects in the motion pictures obtained therefrom.

While my invention is capable of being `carried out in many different ways, forthe purpose of illustration I shall describe only certain types of my invention in the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a plan View of an apparatus made in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the sam taken on line 22; Y

Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken online Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view showing one form of circuit breaker and the circuit arrangement used therewith; and

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of another form of circuit breaker showing i the circuit used in connection therewith.

As shown in the drawings, I have indicated a. drying box I having a series of rolls 2 and 3 there-.- in over which a. motion picture film 4 is designed to pass while being dried, in any suitable manner, as, for example, at a temperature of 50 to 60 C. with a current of air. The motion picture film` 4 may be of any desired width or size and may be constructed with a support having thereon a sensitive emulsion of the usual kind. The support may be of acetate of cellulose or nitrate of cellulose or any other desired material. After passing over the rolls 2 and 3 the film 4 passes out of the drying box I over a flanged rubber guide roll 5 having adjacent thereto an idler rubber roll 6. The iilm thence passes throughan inclined closedbox I and thence over a flanged idler roll 8 from which the lm passes beneath a rubber. roll 9 carried o-n arms I0 which are supported upon' a fixed rod I I having a coil spring I2 thereon con-` nected to one of the arms I0 and the 'xed rod I I so to press the roll 9 downwardlyagainst a hard rubber roll I3. vAfter this the lm passes over a ilanged idler rubber roll I4. The rolls`8, I3 and I4 are mounted on uprights I5 so asta be rotatably Vcarried therein, the roll I3 being provided with ay steel cor-ell for this purpose.` From this point the lm passes beneath a rubber roll I8 having an iron core I9. This core or axis I9 is pivotally Supported in arms 20 and 2I which extend upwardly respectively from sleeves 22 and 23 tightly secured on rods 24 and 25 respectively. The sleeves22 and 23 carry on the under-facesl thereof flat plates 26 and 21 to support flattened cams 28 and 29 mounted on a shaft 3D frames 3| and 32 secured to the table by means of screws ciA l5-: frame -55 `so as to normally press said roll 54'! In order tonmaintam the desired temperature 33. A handle 34 s provided for moving the cams 28 and 29 so as to elevate theroll i8 orlower it into operation position. Also, the shaft 34 is capable of moving longitudinally. 'Ilhe rods 2li and 25, as vshown in Fig. 1, are secured at their ends in frames 3d and 3l which are mounted so as to be rotatable vertically independently of each other on a shaft having locknuts 39 and ill for retaining them in place; This shaft 38 is pivotally supported at the centerl thereof by means of a vertical bearing fil which passes through the same and which4 is-carried upon a base l2V mounted upo-n the supporting table. Lock-nuts 43 retain the shaft 3S in place.

Beneath the roll i3 there is provided a steel goffering cylinder 45 having v'any'desired Vconformation on the surface thereof for producing the reticulat-ions on a gofifered film. For example, in producing transverse line goffering on a film the cylinder A5 will be provided with semi-cylindrical ridges iunninglongitudinally ofthe cylinder, these beingplgenerallyarranged so; ,that there are .be-

tween 15 and. 30 lines to the millimeter around thecircumference of the cylinder d5. V.The cylinder-45 Ahasjournals 4% and lil which are jour,- nalledin thed frames 3| and 32. respectively. The cylinderis driven in any desired manner, but, for example, by means of a gear it on the shaft fil. which'meshes lwith a worm 49 `on the end of a driving shaft 5@ journalled inthe frame 32 and in abearing 5i. The end of the shaft 59 has a pulley 52 for driving it from any suitable source of-power. I

The lm, after passing between the rolls iii and. 45'fextends over a :brass roll 53 having a hanged steel shaftv 54 mounted in a frame: 55 and thence over a brass roll 55 having a steel Acore 5l. From this point the film passes over arubber roller 5S mounted on a steel core 59 also vjournalled in said frame 55 and thence beneath a similar rubber-roller (illV mounted-cna steel core @l carried-in pivoted arms-52 and .63 journalled on a shaft 54 which-is supportedinVV the frame 55,-a spring 55V beingattached to one of theV arms 62 andthe against the roller'58. 'I'lfieroller-EB Yis driven by a pulley 'having'a band Sl extending therefrom to a pulley 58 on the journal i9 ofthe rubber roll Isf@ After leaving the rollerv 6i) the nlm passes into the box carrying' a reel of the usual type for up 'the film thereon. Saidv reel, not

shown, is' driven, by means ofja band 69 which extendslthereto from a pulley 1E! on the other end' of the 'shaft' of the roller` I8.

While 4the lmvisbeing golfered, the cylinder 45 isfheated insucha manner as to obtain a temprature'on the rollo-f between 100' C. and 12U C.,

according tothe kind and condition of the nlm treated, but, generally, the preferred. temperature is 110 C., theroll 45 being preferably heated y for `sometime before starting to passthe nlm overv the same. Itis preferred, also, to rub off. the cylinder-45-every `three hours with achamois cloth andbenzine as a cleaning uid, in order to remove thedust which unavoidably.. accumulates thereon from the film, etc. This cleaning operation momentarily resultsin the lowering Vof Vthe temperature of the roller but in view of-thenlcind ofnheating apparatus which I have provided, this momentary cooling is removed and theV original temperature isrestcredafter a passage of only. threeorgfourlffeet of lm, whereas with other typesof vheating means `used heretofore, at least twenty feet of film would be so affected at each cleaning operation.

The heating means made in accordance with my invention is arranged to heat the roll on the body of the cylinder maintained at the desired temperature based upon the heating effectsof Y Vhysteresis and Foucault currents. This is accomplished by providing an electromagnet 'Il having Velectrornagnetic -coils- 72 and T3 on poles le and l5 of the two arms thereof, the poles terminating adjacent to the surface of the goffering cylinder 45. Due to the passage of the nlm over the goffering cylinder 125, the cylinder is maintained at the desired temperature referred to, the whole body of `the cylinder being heated to the same temperature. The temperature is maintained uniformly by means of a thermostatic device 1ocated. at the Surface of the cylinder 45 and enclosed in a housing 'it which is surrounded by heat insulating material Tl, such as asbestos, etc. Theethermostatic couple iscomprised of a silver tube i8 mounted in a supportingV frame 19 at one end ofthe tube, the other end being connected by an internally `tl'ireaded plug 39 to a quartz rod Si. The free end of the quartz rod Si has a button 82 surrounding the end thereof and extending outwardly beyond the frame 'I9 and into Contact with an arm 83 supported on a pivot 84 secured to the frame i9. A strong spring 85, mounted on a bracket 85 on the frame i9, presses against the button 82 so as to make contact by means of its bevelled end Sl with a bevellcd end 8&2 on an arm 89 pivotally carried in a bracket 95 Von the said frame le, A weak spring 9i normally presses the arm St against a thumb-screw 92 carried an angle arm 93 upon the frame 79. In this position the circuit is completed between the lcontact 92 and the arm 59 by means of a Wire 94 extending from the bracket 93 to an electromagnet 95 andI thence to a coil 95 in a transformer 9?, designed to supply to the circuit included in the wire et, an alternating current of about 6.1 ampere and 6 volts. The other end of said coil is connected bya wire S3 vto the bracket 99. When the thermocouple becomes overheated, that is to say, when the temperature passes beyond the desired temperature of Ythe cylinder 45, the silver tube 18 will expand, thus permitting the spring 85 to overcome Vthe force of the spring 9| and in this way. break the circuit between the thumb-screwv terminal S2 and the lever arm 83. This position will continue until the temperature is lowered sufiiciently to restore the contact between the thumb-screw 92 `and the lever arm 89.V When the circuit is completed between the thumbs crew 92 and the leverV arm 89 the-magnet 95 holds downwardly av spring arm 99 which completes a circuit with a cup provided with a body of-mercury im) which is connected by a wire iti to a variable resistance 102 in a lead ID3 rfor supplying current-from any suitable source of alternatingcurrent, as, for instance, H5 volts, the other lead |94 for the supply current being connected to an ammeter 05 leading to the coils 12 and E3 on thevelectromagnet "ll, the-'return- Wire H16` from which is connectedto the springy 99'. Short circuit wires lill and |98, connected witha hand-switch H39, are bridged across the wires H36 and ll Vto throwqthe thermostat out of,

operation when desired. r The current for the transformer 91 is supplied by wires H0 and IH which lead from the wires |03 and |04, respectively, to a coil H2 in the transformer 91.

A somewhat modified form of the heating apparatus is shown in Fig. 5. In this instance, adjacent to the surface of the cylinder 45 there is provided an electric coil resistance H3 for heating the cylinder by radiation which may be provided with alternating current or direct current of any desired voltage, as, for example, 110 Volts, by means of a wire H4 leading to a variable resistance H5 and an ammeter H6 which is connected to a lead H1 from any suitable source of current. Another lead H8 from said source of current is Vconnected by a wire H9 to a cup provided with a body of mercury |23 so as to normally make contact with a spring arm |2| connected by a wire |22 to the coil H3. Wires |23 and |24, connected to the leads ||1 and H8, respectively, lead to a coil |25 of a transformer |26. The other coil |21 of said transformer is connected by a wire |28 to a body of mercury |23 in a glass tube |30 having a bulb |3| supported in a metal block |32 which rests in contact with a smooth strip of surface |33 at one end of the goffering cylinder 45. When the body of mercury |29 expands, due to the rise of the temperature above, for example, 110 C., the circuit is completed between the same and a point |34 at the lower end of a screw |35 screw-threaded in a cover |36 mounted upon the tube |30. A thumbscrew I 31 on the top of the screw |35, provided for the adjustment of the position of the point |34, indicates the position of adjustment by comparison with a scale |38 attached to the cover |30. A wire |39 is connected from said cover |36 to an electromagnet |40 which cooperates with the spring arm |2| to break the circuit when the electromagnet |40 is energized, the magnet |40 being connected by a wire |4| to the coil |21. In this instance, when the temperature of the cylinder 45 exceeds the desired temperature, the magnet |40 is energized to break the circuit between the spring arm |2| and the mercury cup |20, thereby cutting off the current supplied to the heating resistance H3.

While I have described my invention above in detail I wish it to be understood that many changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the same.

I claim:

l.'In combination, a goffering cylinder and means for applying heat from the outside of the cylinder to the superficial portion thereof.

2. In combination, a goffering cylinder and means for` applying heat from the outside of' the cylinder to the superficial portion thereof, comprising an electromagnetic heater located at thev prising an electromagnetic heater located at the periphery of the cylinder and a thermostatic connection between said cylinder and the heater.

5. In combination, a goffering cylinder and means for applying heat from the outside of the cylinder to the superficial portion thereof, comprising an electric resistance heater located at the periphery of the cylinder and a thermostatic connection between said cylinder and the heater.

6. In combination, a goffering cylinder and means for applying heat from the outside of the cylinder to the superficial portion thereof, comprising an electromagnetic heater located at the periphery of the cylinder and a thermostatic connection between said cylinder and the heater, located at the periphery of said cylinder, the thermostat being in the form of a silver tube and quartz rod.

'7. In combination, a goffering cylinder and means for applying heat from the outside of the cylinder to the superficial portion thereof, comprising an electric resistance heater located at the periphery of the cylinder and a thermostatic connection between said cylinder and the heater, located at the periphery of said cylinder, the thermostat being in the form of a silver tube and quartz rod.

8. In combination, a metal goffering cylinder adapted to produce goffered motion picture films for obtaining pictures in natural colors, means for heating the same, and an elongated thermostatic device located at the periphery of the cylinder and parallel thereto along the Whole width of the gofiering on the cylinder.

9. In combination, a metal goffering cylinder, means for heating the same, and a thermostatic device in the form of a thermostatic device comprised of a silver tube and a quartz rod, located at the periphery of the cylinder and parallel thereto.

ISAAC KITROSER. 

